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　　　　China's rail transit equipment manufacturing industry is a typical representative of innovation driven, intelligent transformation, strengthened foundation, and green development. It is one of the industries with the highest degree of independent innovation, the strongest international innovation competitiveness, and the most obvious industrial driving effect in China's high-end equipment manufacturing field.

　　After more than 60 years of development, China's rail transit equipment manufacturing industry has formed a rail transit equipment manufacturing system that integrates research and development, design, manufacturing, testing, and service with independent research and development, complete supporting facilities, advanced equipment, and large-scale operation. It includes 10 professional manufacturing systems, including electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, multiple units, railway passenger cars, railway freight cars, urban rail vehicles, key components of locomotives and vehicles, signal equipment, traction power supply equipment, and rail engineering machinery equipment. Especially with the advancement of "high-speed", "heavy-duty", "convenient", and "environmental protection" technology routes, high-speed multiple units and high-power locomotives have achieved remarkable achievements worldwide.

　　However, the manufacturing industry of rail transit equipment in China is still young, and there is still some room for improvement compared to developed industrial countries. China's rail transit equipment manufacturing industry should take the opportunity of the "Made in China 2025" and "the Belt and Road" initiative implemented by the country, seize the opportunities of technological evolution and industrial development, adhere to innovation driven, and upgrade from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.

　　Advanced technology and broad prospects

　　Rail transit equipment is the main carrier of national public transportation and bulk transportation, mainly including transportation equipment, communication equipment, operation control equipment, and road network equipment for trunk rail transit, regional rail transit, and urban rail transit. It covers 10 professional manufacturing systems, including electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, high-speed trains, railway passenger cars, urban rail vehicles, key components of locomotives, signal equipment, traction power supply equipment, and track engineering machinery equipment.

　　According to the "New Classification Code for National Economic Industries" (GB/T4757-2011), China's defined rail transit equipment manufacturing industry belongs to Chapter 371 and 372 of the 37th major category of railway, shipbuilding, aerospace, and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries, namely railway transportation equipment manufacturing and urban rail transit equipment manufacturing.

　　Rail transit equipment industry chain

　　In 2004, the former Ministry of Railways issued the "Main Technical Policies for Railways". This policy clearly states for the first time that the goal of railway construction is to build high-speed railways, with the goal of high-speed and fast passenger transportation, heavy and fast freight transportation, informationized operation and management, systematized safety equipment, modern construction technology, and scientific operation and management. This document is often seen as the beginning of China's high-speed rail era.

　　After nearly 20 years of development, China's rail transit equipment manufacturing industry has achieved remarkable achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. For example, in just 5 years, China's high-speed rail has completed Japan's journey of half a century, Germany's journey of 20 years has achieved a perfect transformation from scratch, from "catching up" to "leading", from high-speed rail technology importing countries to exporting countries, and then to high-speed rail technology standard setting countries, demonstrating the "Chinese path" of independent innovation and rapid surpassing.

　　China's high-speed rail has not only achieved a series of significant innovative achievements in key technological fields, but also established a Chinese high-speed rail technology standard system with independent intellectual property rights and world advanced level. The Chinese high-speed railway technology standard system, consisting of seven subsystems: system integration, high-speed trains, line engineering, communication signals, traction power supply, operation scheduling, and passenger services, has made China the fourth country in the world to master high-speed rail technology with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour, and has a high-speed rail technology reserve of up to 600 kilometers per hour.

　　China has also established a complete industrial chain covering various fields of high-speed rail, including high-speed train manufacturing, high-speed railway construction, and high-speed train network control. It has achieved the industrialization of various major system subsystems, including system assembly technology, vehicle body technology, high-speed bogie technology, traction converter technology, traction control technology, traction motor technology, traction transformer technology, braking system technology, and network control technology in the field of high-speed trains, and is known as "Made in China".

　　As of January 2023, the operating mileage of railways in China has increased from 98000 kilometers in 2012 to 155000 kilometers in 2022, with high-speed railways increasing from 9000 kilometers to 42000 kilometers, firmly ranking first in the world. From 2012 to 2022, the main framework of China's "Four Verticals and Four Horizontals" high-speed railway was fully completed, and the construction of the "Eight Verticals and Eight Horizontals" high-speed railway main channel and the general high-speed trunk railway was accelerated. The Sichuan Tibet Railway started construction throughout the line, and intercity railways in key areas were rapidly promoted. The construction of railways in old, young, and poverty-stricken areas was accelerated, and the world's largest high-speed railway network was built. A railway network with reasonable layout, wide coverage, clear hierarchy, and efficient configuration was basically formed

　　As of December 31, 2022, a total of 53 cities in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have opened and operated 290 urban rail transit lines, with an operating mileage of 9584 kilometers and 5609 stations. At the end of the last century, only four cities, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, opened urban rail transit. It was not until 2003 that China made clear regulations on the construction and operation of rail transit, and proposed a construction and development policy of orderly development and within our capabilities. Afterwards, some developed cities began actively preparing for the construction of rail transit. In 2008, against the backdrop of the global financial crisis, the country launched a series of economic stimulus plans. With the inevitable demand for urbanization and economic conditions, urban rail transit construction entered a period of rapid development.